Linux / UNIX에서 현재 네트워크 인터페이스 처리량 통계를 얻으려면 어떻게해야합니까? [닫은]
MRTG와 같은 도구는 eth0과 같은 특정 인터페이스에서 현재 네트워크 사용률에 대한 네트워크 처리량 / 대역폭 그래프를 제공합니다. Linux / UNIX의 명령 줄에서 해당 정보를 반환하려면 어떻게해야합니까?
가급적이면 시스템에서 표준으로 사용할 수있는 것 이외의 다른 것을 설치하지 않는 것이 좋습니다.
출력을 구문 분석 할 수 있습니다. ifconfig
iftop does for network usage what top(1) does for CPU usage-http: //www.ex-parrot.com/~pdw/iftop/
iftop이 "표준"인지 모르겠지만 yum install iftopFedora에 설치할 수있었습니다 .
Sar있어? RHEL / CentOS를 사용하는 경우 가능합니다.
priv, dorky 바이너리, hacky 스크립트, libpcap 등이 필요 없습니다. Win.
$ sar -n DEV 1 3
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5 (localhost.localdomain) 10/27/2010
02:40:56 PM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxbyt/s txbyt/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s
02:40:57 PM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:40:57 PM eth0 10700.00 1705.05 15860765.66 124250.51 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:40:57 PM eth1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:40:57 PM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxbyt/s txbyt/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s
02:40:58 PM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:40:58 PM eth0 8051.00 1438.00 11849206.00 105356.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:40:58 PM eth1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:40:58 PM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxbyt/s txbyt/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s
02:40:59 PM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:40:59 PM eth0 6093.00 1135.00 8970988.00 82942.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:40:59 PM eth1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Average: IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxbyt/s txbyt/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s
Average: lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Average: eth0 8273.24 1425.08 12214833.44 104115.72 0.00 0.00 0.00
Average: eth1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
나는 오래 전에이 바보 같은 스크립트를 썼는데 Perl과 Linux≥2.6에 의존한다.
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use POSIX qw(strftime);
use Time::HiRes qw(gettimeofday usleep);
my $dev = @ARGV ? shift : 'eth0';
my $dir = "/sys/class/net/$dev/statistics";
my %stats = do {
opendir +(my $dh), $dir;
local @_ = readdir $dh;
closedir $dh;
map +($_, []), grep !/^\.\.?$/, @_;
};
if (-t STDOUT) {
while (1) {
print "\033[H\033[J", run();
my ($time, $us) = gettimeofday();
my ($sec, $min, $hour) = localtime $time;
{
local $| = 1;
printf '%-31.31s: %02d:%02d:%02d.%06d%8s%8s%8s%8s',
$dev, $hour, $min, $sec, $us, qw(1s 5s 15s 60s)
}
usleep($us ? 1000000 - $us : 1000000);
}
}
else {print run()}
sub run {
map {
chomp (my ($stat) = slurp("$dir/$_"));
my $line = sprintf '%-31.31s:%16.16s', $_, $stat;
$line .= sprintf '%8.8s', int (($stat - $stats{$_}->[0]) / 1)
if @{$stats{$_}} > 0;
$line .= sprintf '%8.8s', int (($stat - $stats{$_}->[4]) / 5)
if @{$stats{$_}} > 4;
$line .= sprintf '%8.8s', int (($stat - $stats{$_}->[14]) / 15)
if @{$stats{$_}} > 14;
$line .= sprintf '%8.8s', int (($stat - $stats{$_}->[59]) / 60)
if @{$stats{$_}} > 59;
unshift @{$stats{$_}}, $stat;
pop @{$stats{$_}} if @{$stats{$_}} > 60;
"$line\n";
} sort keys %stats;
}
sub slurp {
local @ARGV = @_;
local @_ = <>;
@_;
}
It just reads from /sys/class/net/$dev/statistics every second, and prints out the current numbers and the average rate of change:
$ ./net_stats.pl eth0
rx_bytes : 74457040115259 4369093 4797875 4206554 364088
rx_packets : 91215713193 23120 23502 23234 17616
...
tx_bytes : 90798990376725 8117924 7047762 7472650 319330
tx_packets : 93139479736 23401 22953 23216 23171
...
eth0 : 15:22:09.002216 1s 5s 15s 60s
^ current reading ^-------- averages ---------^
You could parse /proc/net/dev.
nload is a great tool for monitoring bandwidth in real time and easily installed in Ubuntu or Debian with sudo apt-get install nload.
Device eth0 [10.10.10.5] (1/2):
=====================================================================================
Incoming:
. ...|
# ####|
.. |#| ... #####. .. Curr: 2.07 MBit/s
###.### #### #######|. . ## | Avg: 1.41 MBit/s
########|#########################. ### Min: 1.12 kBit/s
........ ################################### .### Max: 4.49 MBit/s
.##########. |###################################|##### Ttl: 1.94 GByte
Outgoing:
########## ########### ###########################
########## ########### ###########################
##########. ########### .###########################
########### ########### #############################
########### ###########..#############################
############ ##########################################
############ ##########################################
############ ########################################## Curr: 63.88 MBit/s
############ ########################################## Avg: 32.04 MBit/s
############ ########################################## Min: 0.00 Bit/s
############ ########################################## Max: 93.23 MBit/s
############## ########################################## Ttl: 2.49 GByte
Another excellent tool is iftop, also easily apt-get'able:
191Mb 381Mb 572Mb 763Mb 954Mb
└────────────┴──────────┴─────────────────────┴───────────┴──────────────────────
box4.local => box-2.local 91.0Mb 27.0Mb 15.1Mb
<= 1.59Mb 761kb 452kb
box4.local => box.local 560b 26.8kb 27.7kb
<= 880b 31.3kb 32.1kb
box4.local => userify.com 0b 11.4kb 8.01kb
<= 1.17kb 2.39kb 1.75kb
box4.local => b.resolvers.Level3.net 0b 58b 168b
<= 0b 83b 288b
box4.local => stackoverflow.com 0b 42b 21b
<= 0b 42b 21b
box4.local => 224.0.0.251 0b 0b 179b
<= 0b 0b 0b
224.0.0.251 => box-2.local 0b 0b 0b
<= 0b 0b 36b
224.0.0.251 => box.local 0b 0b 0b
<= 0b 0b 35b
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TX: cum: 37.9MB peak: 91.0Mb rates: 91.0Mb 27.1Mb 15.2Mb
RX: 1.19MB 1.89Mb 1.59Mb 795kb 486kb
TOTAL: 39.1MB 92.6Mb 92.6Mb 27.9Mb 15.6Mb
Don't forget about the classic and powerful sar and netstat utilities on older *nix!
dstat- Combines vmstat, iostat, ifstat, netstat information and moreiftop- Amazing network bandwidth utility to analyse what is really happening on your ethnetio- Measures the net throughput of a network via TCP/IPinq- CLI troubleshooting utility that displays info on storage, typically Symmetrix. By default, INQ returns the device name, Symmetrix ID, Symmetrix LUN, and capacity.send_arp- Sends out an arp broadcast on the specified network device (defaults to eth0), reporting an old and new IP address mapping to a MAC address.EtherApe- is a graphical network monitor for Unix modeled after etherman. Featuring link layer, IP and TCP modes, it displays network activity graphically.iptraf- An IP traffic monitor that shows information on the IP traffic passing over your network.
More details: http://felipeferreira.net/?p=1194
I got another quick'n'dirty bash script for that:
#!/bin/bash
IF=$1
if [ -z "$IF" ]; then
IF=`ls -1 /sys/class/net/ | head -1`
fi
RXPREV=-1
TXPREV=-1
echo "Listening $IF..."
while [ 1 == 1 ] ; do
RX=`cat /sys/class/net/${IF}/statistics/rx_bytes`
TX=`cat /sys/class/net/${IF}/statistics/tx_bytes`
if [ $RXPREV -ne -1 ] ; then
let BWRX=$RX-$RXPREV
let BWTX=$TX-$TXPREV
echo "Received: $BWRX B/s Sent: $BWTX B/s"
fi
RXPREV=$RX
TXPREV=$TX
sleep 1
done
It's considering that sleep 1 will actually last exactly one second, which is not true, but good enough for a rough bandwidth assessment.
Thanks to @ephemient for the /sys/class/net/<interface>! :)
Besides iftop and iptraf, also check:
bwm-ng(Bandwidth Monitor Next Generation)
and/or
cbm(Color Bandwidth Meter)
ref: http://www.powercram.com/2010/01/bandwidth-monitoring-tools-for-ubuntu.html
If you want just to get the value, you can use simple shell oneliner like this:
S=10; F=/sys/class/net/eth0/statistics/rx_bytes; X=`cat $F`; sleep $S; Y=`cat $F`; BPS="$(((Y-X)/S))"; echo $BPS
It will show you the average "received bytes per second" for period of 10 seconds (you can change period by changing S=10 parameter, and you can measure transmitted BPS instead of received BPS by using tx_bytes instead of rx_bytes). Don't forget to change eth0 to network device you want to monitor.
Of course, you are not limited to displaying the average rate (as mentioned in other answers, there are other tools that will show you much nicer output), but this solution is easily scriptable to do other things.
For example, the following shell script (split into multiple lines for readability) will execute offlineimap process only when 5-minute average transmit speed drops below 10kBPS (presumably, when some other bandwidth-consuming process finishes):
#!/bin/sh
S=300; F=/sys/class/net/eth0/statistics/tx_bytes
BPS=999999
while [ $BPS -gt 10000 ]
do
X=`cat $F`; sleep $S; Y=`cat $F`; BPS="$(((Y-X)/S))";
echo BPS is currently $BPS
done
offlineimap
Note that /sys/class/... is Linux specific (which is ok as submitter did choose linux tag), and needs non-archaic kernel. Shell code itself is /bin/sh compatible (so not only bash, but dash and other /bin/sh implementations will work) and /bin/sh is something that is really always installed.
I like iptraf but you probably have to install it and it seems to not being maintained actively anymore.
I find dstat to be quite good. Has to be installed though. Gives you way more information than you need. Netstat will give you packet rates but not bandwith also. netstat -s
You can use iperf to benchmark network performance (maximum possible throughput). See following links for details:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iperf
https://code.google.com/p/iperf/
I couldn't get the parse ifconfig script to work for me on an AMI so got this to work measuring received traffic averaged over 10 seconds
date && rxstart=`ifconfig eth0 | grep bytes | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d : -f 2` && sleep 10 && rxend=`ifconfig eth0 | grep bytes | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d : -f 2` && difference=`expr $rxend - $rxstart` && echo "Received `expr $difference / 10` bytes per sec"
Sorry, it's ever so cheap and nasty but it worked!
ifconfig -a
ip -d link
ls -l /sys/class/net/ (physical and virtual devices)
route -n
If you want the output of (ifconfig -a) in json format you can use this (python)
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